Polls, Free Markets & Vietnam
By Noam Chomsky at May 01, 2007 |
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Below is Noam Chomsky's response to a question in the Z Sustainer chat board where Noam hosts a forum.
ZSustainer: Hi Noam, I was wondering what you thought of the poll results recently released by PIPA, which showed a "striking consensus" on the statement, "the free enterprise system and free market economy is the best system on which to base the future of the world, with an average 61% agreeing.
Noam Chomsky: The poll was interesting, but one has to look at it carefully. First, just to mention the conclusions, the major ones were:
(1) "a striking global consensus that the free market economic system is best"
(2) "an even greater consensus in favor of more government regulation of large companies."
(3) Large majorities agree that "Large companies have too much influence over our national government." In the US, 85% agree, 59% strongly.
So the respondents are calling for more government regulation of large businesses, which undermine democracy. And are also calling for a "free market," that is, one with no government regulation of businesses.
That raises the question what people mean by "free market." They can't possibly mean what exists in the US, or anywhere else in the world (except impoverished countries subject to structural adjustment and neoliberal rules instituted by force, as in Haiti, for example). Just to take the US, departure from free market principles is extreme. Just take what you and I are now using: computers and the internet. Like most of the "new economy," they largely derive from the state sector of the economy. And that's just the beginning.
Presumably people mean something like the economies of the rich industrial countries, that is, some kind of state capitalist economy, which developed by radical violation of free market principles for centuries. Counter to doctrine, to be sure, but perfectly familiar to economic historians. And when they say that's what they prefer, in comparison to what? Very likely, in comparison to the statist economies of the Soviet sphere -- which, awful as they were, raised third world countries to the "second world" of developed societies. It's unlikely that respondents know enough recent history to be aware of the great growth period of the modern world: from World War II to the mid-1970s, the period of import substitution and state intervention in much of the South, and of capital controls and regulated currencies in the industrial world. Few would be aware that the partial imposition of "free market" principles in the "neoliberal" period that followed led to decline in standard macroeconomic indices and other negative effects, more extreme to the extent that countries followed the rules (e.g., Latin America), while growth took place, sometimes spectacular growth, in countries that ignored the rules, as in East Asia.
More careful polling could answer the many questions that arise about what people meant. But it wasn't done. That's common, and a problem that should always be kept in mind about polls. I've often discussed it.
To take one case of considerable interest, and current significance, that I've frequently discussed, consider attitudes towards the Vietnam war. The educated classes strongly supported the war, but began to turn against it by the latter part of the 1960s, on grounds that it was a "quagmire," undertaken with noble objectives but becoming too costly to us. Mainstream debate about Iraq keeps to much the same ground rules. At the left-liberal extreme, Anthony Lewis wrote that the war began with "blundering efforts to do good" but by 1969 it was clear that it was a "disaster," too costly to ourselves. So we should do what the business community by then preferred and withdraw, leaving the countries in ruin.
Public opinion was also sampled in 1969. About 70% held that the war was not "a mistake" but was "fundamentally wrong and immoral," a position virtually inexpressible in the mainstream. That persists. Public opinion remained about the same until the most recent polls by the same major polling institution, the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, 30 years later. And the position remained (and remains) virtually inexpressible in the mainstream. Consistent results over 30 years have considerable credibility.
What do the results mean? The director of the study, a respected political scientist, interpreted the results as meaning that respondents felt that too many Americans were being killed. Possible, but not an obvious interpretation. On that assumption, for example, why did the vast majority hold that the war was not a mistake? Another possibility is that people meant just what they said, and that it cannot be comprehended within the elite intellectual culture. It would have been easy enough to find out through the 30 years of polling on these matters, but no attempt was made, to my knowledge.
Polls are of great value, and tell us a lot. Particularly when attitudes are consistent and coherent over long periods, as they typically are; a valuable study on this is Benjamin Page and Marshall Bouton, The Foreign Policy Disconnect (2006). But they always have to be used with caution, particularly when results appear internally contradictory or otherwise obscure.
NC






Perhaps I'm
By Hering, Zamiatin at Aug 10, 2007 16:28 PM
Perhaps I'm misunderstanding Pangaea--I read him to take the false-flag argument as a negative comment on Iran, while it seems to me to be caution against such generalized fear as a catalyst for violence.
I agree with him, though, that as long as we keep stomping on people's heads (an apt metaphor, I think) they will continue to cause trouble for us. In reference to Dominique's argument that war in the ME would assist Washington imperialists to keep power, it seems to me that picking a fight with people of a religion that is the fastest-growing in the world and soon to eclipse one's own in numbers of parisioners would do little to help one to retain power (although Sun Tzu does advise attacking the strongest enemy first).
It may be too obvious to have been overlooked, but there is a correlation between the observation that al Qaeda doesn't have a flag and the separation of "most of us here on Z-net" (being sympathetic) from "the imperialists in Washington" (being acquisitionist). What I mean is that a flag is rarely a sound basis from which to draw political generalities, since, I presume, al Queda is more ideologically unified than the US despite its lacking a flag (I do recognize that many on Z-net are not in the US - perhaps a UN flag would make the point more effectively, but I was comparing the details already brought up on the forum). It seems a flag works better as a target than a rallying-point.
I'm probably over-simplifying, but (perhaps due to my own secular perspective) the ideological (religious) aspect of terrorism (particularly insofar as it contradicts doctrine, right?) is secondary to its material catalyst. That is, when one has nothing to lose, one resents those who flaunt their wealth... it has long seemed to me that the best way to undermine terrorism would be to give the impoverished adequate resources that they aren't willing to risk disenfranchisement (although, I suppose in the Christian mythos, it could be pointed out that Lucifer was unhappy with heavenly bounty merely because of his subordination to God).
The argument that "if all sides truly understood one another, conflict would not exist" is often cited as naive (to say nothing of its being technically impracticable), but am I mistaken in seeing the ME instability as having stronger material roots than spiritual? Would gifts pave the way to mutual respect or be mistaken as cheap attempts at bribery?
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I travel far ...
By T, Mark at Jun 28, 2007 22:48 PM
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regarding Vietnam and
By Flynn, Julian at May 28, 2007 18:08 PM
regarding Vietnam and Capitalism:
One of the excuses for the the US war on Vietnam was that the communist economic system must be fought there, before it threatened US capitalism.
30 years after the US lost that war, Vietnam is turning towards western economic systems.
Due to human nature, nations eventually turn towards 'captialism/free markets', no wars necessary.
US efforts to protect or force its economic systems on other countries at gunpoint are unnecessary.
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Problem
By Kissenger, Clark at May 09, 2007 15:25 PM
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Thank you =) Pangaea Oslo,
By Kissenger, Clark at May 09, 2007 15:22 PM
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re: Iran and democracy
By Kissenger, Clark at May 09, 2007 08:34 AM
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Something about this
By Kissenger, Clark at May 09, 2007 08:32 AM
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Iran and democracy
By Kissenger, Clark at May 08, 2007 14:21 PM
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Iran and democracy
By Kissenger, Clark at May 08, 2007 14:18 PM
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You misunderstood me
By Dmx, Dmx at May 08, 2007 14:10 PM
I said the US will attack Iran not because of Iran having 1 nuke or even 200 ... This is all about control of ME oil to exert strategic leverage against US competitors (China, Russia, European Union).
So I only said, one of the things that could prevent the US attacking Iran is that some other major nuclear power deters the US by threatening nuclear retaliation in case of US strike on Iran. But the US could also be deterred by blackmail on Oil/gaz flows by Iran or Russia, frightening the European "partners" of the US or Wall Street.
But frankly, I do not think the imperialists in Washington have any other choice than another ME war to keep their power. I do not think they will willingly drop it. So one way or another, there is going to be a BIB BIG crisis inside the beltway.
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No nuclear threat
By Kissenger, Clark at May 08, 2007 13:46 PM
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I fully agree
By Dmx, Dmx at May 07, 2007 02:03 AM
I think many here would agree that the justification for war with Iran is a fraud just as the justification for Iraq was one. Iran does not have nukes neither the means to deliver them. And even if they had one, this would not constitute a ground for attacking them otherwise the US should be at war with Russia, China, Britain, France, Israel, India, Pakistan, North Korea ...
But the control of Middle Eastern Oil, the true reason behind the Iraq war, remains a powerful motivation for US imperialists. And it seems that the US establishment is now convinced that global domination is their fate, whatever the price for the people of the US. I would say that the US will attack Iran unless the US economy and political system breaks apart before it starts, or else some other nuclear power threaten worldwide nuclear war.
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re Iranioans are peaceful pe0ple
By Kissenger, Clark at May 06, 2007 22:21 PM
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Iranians are peaceful people
By Info, Ahmad at May 06, 2007 15:02 PM
You said:
``Everybody in Iran are evil creatures looking to get to war with the US''.
I disagree with you. As an Iranian, I'm annoyed of US president's threats, and I should say that ``threatening a peaceful nation who has 3000 years of history is what evil does''.
I think US and Iran can coexist peacefully, but because of Israel's false flags, US is entering a war with Iran, that can be harmful for not only US and Iran, but the whole universe. I hope that Zionist regime will end its lies, so people in the wide world can continue their normal life.
Ahmad
Tehran/Iran
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Iran and false-flag
By Kissenger, Clark at May 05, 2007 05:29 AM
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did someone say polls?
By Prole, Prole at May 04, 2007 16:22 PM
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re : Foreign Affair (Bruce Riedel):
By Kissenger, Clark at May 02, 2007 12:55 PM
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A big blow ...
By Dmx, Dmx at May 02, 2007 04:10 AM
Dear Pr. Noam Chomsky,
This is a quotation from Foreign Affair (Bruce Riedel):
The biggest danger is that al Qaeda will deliberately provoke a war with a "false-flag" operation, say, a terrorist attack carried out in a way that would make it appear as though it were Iran's doing. The United States should be extremely wary of such deception. In the event of an attack, accurately assigning blame will require very careful intelligence work. It may require months, or even years, of patient investigating to identify the plotters behind well-planned and well-executed operations, as it did for the 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, and the 1996 attacks on the U.S. barracks at the Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia.
This is a big blow against the belief that 9/11 could not have been a "false-flag" operation (justified by "false-flag is such a flimsy concept"). This quote is gold mine which contains arguments which refute many of yours. Think of the time it took to assign blame on 9/11 ...
I want you to keep your leadership, so I implore you to seriously reconsider your (I am sorry to say fear based) beliefs regarding what 9/11 was and was not. One way to do it is just for you just to ask for an open-minded discussion with David Ray Griffin.
With utmost respect for you and what you have brought so far ...
DLW
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Military "Experts" vs. Public Will
By Kissenger, Clark at May 01, 2007 21:27 PM
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Polling Vietnam Too
By Kissenger, Clark at May 01, 2007 18:12 PM
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