"To Show the World that Giant America Was Still Powerful and Resolute:" Pardoning Ford and the Mayaguez Affair
By Paul Street at Dec 29, 2006 |
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Pardon me for making a few comments on the short and undistinguished presidential record of the recently departed Gerald Ford. I have not done an exhaustive search on how "mainstream" United States media is reflecting Ford's legacy, so my sense of how dominant ideological authorities are responding is probably somewhat impressionistic. What I've been hearing on the radio and seeing on the television and in newspapers is that Ford deserves to be remembered (a) for helping the nation heal after the "long national nightmare" of Watergate and (b) for (as the New York Times put it in their power-worshipping lead editorial [titled simply "Gerald R. Ford"] today) "more than just the pardon."
One thing you probably won't hear or see much of in the “mainstream” retrospectives is that Ford pardoned Nixon not just for the limited Watergate crimes that led to Nixon's resignation (and thereby to Ford's promotion to the Vice Presidency and then Presidency) but for any and all offenses Nixon committed as president. This means that Ford also gave Tricky Dick a Stay Out of Court (and Jail) Pass for the murderous and illegal invasion and bombing of Cambodia, for receiving illegal corporate campaign contributions and for ordering the illegal wiretapping, infiltration and many-sided harassment of various left and antiwar organizations.
Ford justified his (more-than) Watergate pardon with the lovely theory that the U.S. would become "ungovernable" if the people had been allowed to try to make the criminal ex-president accountable for any of his many transgressions against democracy and international law. Yes, the virtuous American way of life would have unraveled and the nation would have been further "destabilized" (after the terrifying shocks of Vietnam, the antiwar movement, the riots, LSD/Altamont/Woodstock/Chicago'68/Black Power and Watergate) if the "we the people" had been permitted to hold one of our leading tyrant's feet to the fire of meaningful popular governance! If Nixon had been subjected to the law of the land (not to mention international law), the whole nation would have spun into a downward spiral like Betty Ford before she got her clinic on.
It was a fitting argument in a time when leading business and academic authorities were decrying what Harvard's Samuel P. Huntington called the “excess of democracy” and calling for openly authoritarian solutions to the deepening crises of American life at the dawn of the corporate-neoliberal era.
I suspect that there's some contemporary political logic in dominant "liberal" U.S. (corporate) media's repeated favorable reference to Ford's supposedly noble role in "marking the end of a national nightmare" by letting Nixon off the hook. That media has been letting the equally if not more impeachment- (and removal-) worthy Bush II off the hook for six years (starting most dramatically with its failure to fully acknowledge the blatant stealing of the 2000 presidential election and leading up through and beyond its critical enablement of Team Bush's illegal oil occupation of Iraq) and is blocking reasonable demands for the impeachment and removal of Bush in 2007. Among the many reasons its top authorities would give (will give?) for not calling for Bush's head is that an impeachment drama would "destabilize a nation that is already in shaky health" (to quote the Times' approving editors today on the rationale behind Ford's Nixon pardon).
Anyway, it's the twisted anti-democratic logic behind the Ford-Nixon pardon, not the pardon itself, that I remember most about Ford.
The second thing I recall most intensely about Ford is his uncharacteristically loud denial of something that was probably true: his appointment to the Vice Presidency and then/thus the Presidency was premised on a deal. He almost certainly got picked for admission to the U.S. History texts partly because he promised to give Nixon a total pardon.
The other thing I flash to when I hear the name “Gerald R. Ford” is the Mayaguez affair. The Mayaguez was an American cargo ship that sailed too closely to a Cambodian island. Its crew was briefly and courteously detained and released by Cambodian authorities. In a crassly opportunistic effort to look tough three weeks after the formal triumph of revolutionary forces in Vietnam, Ford ordered a costly U.S. Marine assault on the Cambodian island and directed American planes to bomb the Cambodian mainland. There is no official count of how many Cambodians died but the number is probably greater than the 90 or so American GIs who died in the immoral and imperial U.S. action.
What was it all about? In his marvelous People's History of the United States, Howard Zinn notes that the Ford administration found it “necessary to show the world that giant America, defeated by tiny Vietnam, was still powerful and resolute.” Zinn quotes from approving contemporary (mid-May of 1975) New York Times coverage and commentary – the latter provided by Times columnist James Reston (a strong critic of Nixon and Watergate who supported the Mayaguez actions) – claiming that the murderous operation was necessary to demonstrate that that the U.S. was still capable of acting quickly and decisively overseas. “What seemed to be happening,” Zinn notes, “was that the Establishment – Republicans, Democrats, newspapers, television – was closing ranks behind Ford and [his Secretary of State Henry] Kissinger, and behind the idea that American authority must be asserted everywhere in the world.”
Just as Nixon was shamed out of office over relatively minor actions against the other Establishment political party, not over his murderous assault on Cambodia (the latter crime was omitted from the Articles of Impeachment that were drawn up), Ford is remembered for pardoning Watergate, not for pardoning Nixon's Cambodian (and other) crimes.
Fittingly enough, you don't hear much about Ford's own assault on Cambodia, which admittedly left a much smaller Asian body count than the truly mass-murderous, even genocidal assault that Indonesia launched against East Timor with a full-blown green light from Ford and Kissinger.On a more amusing note, here's an interesting quote from Ford while in the White House: “Things are more like they are now than they have ever been.”
Sounds like something Bush II might say. I wonder how many non-white others are going to die so that the U.S. can look “still powerful and resolute” in the wake of Bush's fiasco in Iraq.




Libertarianism is about the
By Loss, Weight at Mar 19, 2007 12:11 PM
Libertarianism is about the least government intrusion possible for the pursuit of individual happiness and wealth. It is therefore IMPOSSIBLE to have a so-called "left-libertarianism" because it is inherently opposed to the pursuit of individual wealth. Calling one's self a "left libertarian" is not only moronic, it is oxymoronic.
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thanks to weight loss i am not a fatty anymore.
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The Deference Ritual
By Kissenger, Clark at Jan 02, 2007 22:04 PM
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Clinton was Impeached by the House
By Kissenger, Clark at Jan 02, 2007 21:34 PM
And acquitted by the Senate - an excellent case on point!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment
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If Presidents are above the
By Hassan, Sheik at Jan 02, 2007 19:32 PM
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Amen!
By Kissenger, Clark at Jan 02, 2007 17:02 PM
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Talk about ludicrous,
By Cclausen, Crcn at Jan 02, 2007 14:06 PM
Talk about ludicrous, (beside the fact that you can't respond to an idea unless there is a name attached), what could be more democratic then the capitalist system that allows people the choice to buy or not buy?
You are proposing a system where not only do not give people a choice to buy, you are doing so because you are not giving a person the choice to produce or not. That is authoritarian in is essence.
Further, if a person "makes too much money," you will take it away and redistribute it. To whom you distribute it or why is nugatory. The very act of taking away is authoritarian - and taking away is central to what you want to do. There is absolutely nothing libertarian about that.
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Above the Law
By Kissenger, Clark at Jan 02, 2007 12:52 PM
Ford considered Nixon his "best friend".
Ford's appointment and Nixon's pardon stand as historical observed reality. Presidents are Above the Law and we as American citizens are forced to accept that reality.
The Evil we are now witnessing is but one by-product of that pardon.
Fact is Ford showed the world that the Rule of Law does not apply to an American President. Observed reality has now shown the world that one man who is Above the Law, can lie his way into a war on behalf of all American Citizens and never be held accountable.
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More on Anonymous posting; comments re market libertarians
By Kissenger, Clark at Jan 02, 2007 11:41 AM
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JD
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 31, 2006 18:37 PM
Liberation without people being both spiritually and materially empowered is no freedom at all. Thank you for pointing this out - its something that many of us leftists seem to forget
eb
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Free-Market of Vocabulary
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 31, 2006 16:45 PM
Anonymous seems to suffer from a notion of “hard vocabulary.” Individual liberty with words is limited by the free-market of word usage. Although words can't mean anything anyone wants them to and still facilitate communication, they can mean anything WE want them to: the meaning of words changes over time—an undeniable fact for anyone who's studied etymology.
For example, does the definition of “marriage” exclude same sex couples? Can that definition be changed? Why or why not?
I have no problem, am not confused, nor am an “oxymoron” for calling myself a “sustainability libertarian.” You can my stab at reconciliation of the possible value contradictions (through “institutional internalization of taxation”) here:
http://www.jdcasten.info/Philosophy/Capital_Regulation/capital_regulation.htm
If your one-note politics is “no government” then maybe it seems as if you can't have contradictions. I think you probably also have deep seated values that might conflict with some of the possible results of say, “anarcho-capitalism.” Although some leftists simply take our freedom for granted, and don't think we need to worry that much about how some systems might curtail that, some rightists seem take the lack of bread lines (at least in their neighborhoods) for granted. We did have eras with more capitalism: just like Ayn Rand's “Atlas Shrugged” individualism grew out of her rejection of her experience with communism, more socialistic aspects of the US developed out reaction to the Great Depression—have you read John Steinbeck's “The Grapes of Wrath?” Maybe you'd change your mind if you saw some full grown man nursing on woman's breast because he was starving. Rockefeller's 10% for charity wasn't going to help someone like him out. Do you think suffering homeless schizophrenics should rely on the kindness of strangers?
Now, I realize that libertarian theorizing about free-market solutions to sustainability can be compelling—but just like radical left solutions, like “Parecon,” the proof is in the pudding. Again, totalitarian systems have proven failures, but wouldn't you call the Great Depression a failure too? Free-market excuses for the great depression are no better than socialist apologists for totalitarian failures. Who wants Only business cycles that starve people every few decades? Although global warming may be a socialist as well as a free-market failure, don't you think that just as property rights might require governments (rather than militia hired with gold) that the ecology needs a police force to protect it too? (What sort of insurance militia would protect the planet without governments?: eco-fascist factions?)
Is your libertarian notion of freedom entirely negative (i.e. freedom from constraint) rather than positive (power: the freedom to actually do something)? If so, you may feel constrained by governments, but, to use contemporary liberal terminology, governments can invest in people and give them the tools to empower themselves. Do you believe in simply liberating people, or also empowering them? Do you believe in equal opportunity? Some libertarians wouldn't have a public schooling system: are you in that crowd?
Governments often constrain institutions: do you see that as a limitation of freedom? Maybe you're not a libertarian—and just my first remarks are relevant. But if you are, I think you might consider the flip side of freedom: power and its effects.
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What I'm most 'confused' about...
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 31, 2006 16:12 PM
Is what the hell does all this piffle about fealty to ruling class diktats have to do with Ford??? Republicans drone on about the 'free market' too, Anon, and they are just as deluded as you seem to be. Here's a thought: Read a few books on anarchism, and that may give you a clue what left libertarinaism is about.
But, I suppose you'd rather invest more time in your narcissist pursuits where savagely unequal, winner-take-all political and economic systems of empire allow your version of "liberty and freedom" to occur, where billions round the world live on a few $$ a day, and the super rich got there due to "working harder' than the other bloke.
"To the winner goes the spoils of victory" ain't a world I'm interested in living in. Your "libertarianism" is just another form of exploitation and domination.
eb
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Libertarians
By Cclausen, Crcn at Dec 31, 2006 14:46 PM
Because many of you seem confused to what libertarianism stands for, below are some links. The central points are: individual liberty, private property, the free-market, and the elimination of the welfare-state. I don't think anyone posting here would agree with any of those central tenants beyond individual liberty. Thus, "left-libertarian" is a misnomer.
http://www.theihs.org/about/id.1084/default.asp
http://www.theadvocates.org/library/libertarian-faq.html
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I don't know who Yakov Bok
By Cclausen, Crcn at Dec 31, 2006 14:11 PM
I don't know who Yakov Bok is (the person, not the character), but I highly doubt he, or I, are the only ones who disagree with Paul Street and his "Znet posse."
Speaking of authoritariansim:
Isn't it authoritarian to speak of banning someone simply because you don't like his point of view? It appears the desire is to be surrounded by "yes men." Which of course, it what all tyrants do.
How is a libertarian who is opposed to government intervention libertarian? Talk about oxymoronic.
Finally, I don't understand how there can be such a thing as a "left" libertarian when the "left" wants to restrict and the "libertarian" purports to want freedom? Remember, for all those who doubt, the root of libertarianism is classic liberalism, which is something the left is opposed to. Someone mentioned he was pro-ecology which made him leftists, but pro-market which made him libertarian. Those two ideologies, while compatible, may make him confused as to what to call himself, but it certainly doesn't create the impossible "left-libertarian."
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Probably an old troll
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 31, 2006 12:55 PM
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Seems to me...
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 31, 2006 02:23 AM
For someone who claims to make critical analysis, you seem to rely on reactionary, tired, mid 20th century cartoon-like assuptions by lumping all leftists as communists, an all too typical rhetorical device for right wing ideologues like yourself "anonymous". And, who in the hell made you the arbiter of whats "libertarian", which seems to me: self-aggrandizment + gobs of cash ="individual happiness and wealth" if I get your drift.Never mind, if only the lucky few can join in this party of yours, as long as you have the "freedom" to pursue your narcissist project, who the f cares?.
Scrach this brand of libertarian, you'll find a Republican every damn time.
eb
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Limited Freedom
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 30, 2006 21:22 PM
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critical thinking
By Cclausen, Crcn at Dec 30, 2006 18:21 PM
Let's think critically.
Libertarianism is about the least government intrusion possible for the pursuit of individual happiness and wealth. It is therefore IMPOSSIBLE to have a so-called "left-libertarianism" because it is inherently opposed to the pursuit of individual wealth. Calling one's self a "left libertarian" is not only moronic, it is oxymoronic.
If you are against "government," fine, but that doesn't make one libertarian. In fact, many of the Z-net bloggers are not against government per-se, they are simply against the current form of government. They are for community councils, soviets, or whatever you want to call them, which will make the decisions for people. One of those decisions is the ability to earn and produce. That is hardly libertarian.
So, cold-war binaries, or any other academic sounding term you may choose, to describe marxism, socialism, progressivism, or leftism, are not dead. I suspect that since the Wall fell, and communism "died," leftists found catchy new names for themselves, because afterall, socialism failed, and no one wants to be associated with a failure.
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Free Will?
By Tbarnich, Tb at Dec 30, 2006 10:34 AM
An anonymously asked question does not take away the legitimacy of the question.
It's interesting that you mention free will. As a socialist, you are inherently opposed to free will because it is indicative of self-interest, i.e., the pursuit of personal gain whether materially or spiritually, which is in direct opposition to the socialist concept of "the greatest good for the greatest number."
You sir, are nothing more than a tyrant in sheep's clothing.
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No more "Anonymous" comments
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 29, 2006 20:30 PM
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Wow
By Tbarnich, Tb at Dec 29, 2006 18:13 PM
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From and To the Grave
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 29, 2006 15:08 PM
I need to do a little more homework on Ford and Zinn—but I think these two recent news items are relevant:
Ford Disagreed With Bush About Invading Iraqhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/27/AR2006122701558.html
U.S. Is Being Told Hussein Hanging Seems Imminenthttp://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/29/world/middleeast/29saddam.html
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Zinn's Masterpiece(s)
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 29, 2006 12:46 PM
I have found occasional problems in Zinn's bestselling volume and hardly think its the last word on the American past. But no such word exists and on the whole I think it's a monumental accomplishment that is simply unequaled as a readable, engaging, informative, inspiring and yes radical-democratic synthesis. The accuracies and positive contributions vastly outweigh the problems and I rarely if ever have trouble finding a source for Zinn's assertions in the bibilography he provides. Academic historians like to bitch and whine about real and perceived innacuracies and alleged professional sins in People's History but the basic fact is that many of the academorons are just dull and jealous.
The book is not a no-hitter, but Zinn walked out to the mound and pitched a rich, strike-out filled masterpiece that could only be thrown by a left libertarian and the sad reality is that most of the liberal, conservative and semi-marxian academics who rip on him would be lucky if they could get a ball to home plate on less than one bounce. Write a better book if you can...oh, you can't, because (among other things) your field is paralyzed by incestuous hyper- specialization and an ongoing flight from meaningful politics and public engagement.
Some historians end up assigning People's History because, guess what, kids read it and are bored to tears with a lot of what the little professors write and say. Another good one for actually being read is James Loewen's Lies My Teachers Told Me: Everything Your High Schol Text Got Wrong - a marvelous critique of what passes for historical education in grades 9-12 in the United States of Amnesia.
It's interesting that Loewen is a sociologist: I doubt that the U.S. historical profession could generate a widely selling and important book like that at this point. Loewen BTW has gone to to do historical monuments (Lies Across the Country) and just did a brilliant book I'm in the middle of right now: Sundown Towns: A Hidden History of American Racism. As usual he is synthesizing and reflecting on U.S. history in big ways that seem to evade most of the professional historians.
Also in the BTW category, one of the first books I ever read on American History just blew my mind. It was by Zinn. It was called Postwar America, 1945-1971. It's also better than 99.95 percent of what professional historians write.
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Hm...
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 29, 2006 11:35 AM
I'd love to see cooberative evidence of these inaccuracies you state, of which, JoJo, you have provided none.
To paraphrase Gil Scott Heron, "Pardon us, Mr President, because the pardon that you gave was not yours to give." Gerald Ford was but a loyal minion of one wing of the business class following orders, which was to pardon a despicable criminal, and to continue the rule of Empire and inequality. Orlando Letelier, Chilean official under Allende, and Ronni Moffit were murdered by Pinochet's thugs in D.C. in broad daylight on Dupont Circle, and this 'healer of the country' did nothing about it!!
So, my rememberances of Ford ain't so kind as the dreck comming from the state corprotist media.
eb
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In the beginning...sort of
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 29, 2006 11:24 AM
Added to the interesting lack of retrospect, it is notable that:
1. Ford appointed George HW Bush as CIA director, 2. Don Rumsfeld appointed as Chief of Staff, 3. Dick Cheney as Deputy Chief of Staff, 4. Don Rumsfeld as Secretary of Defense, 5. Cheney as Chief of Staff.
Ford (along with co-conspirator and war criminal, Henry Kissinger) met with Suharto and assured him that the US would not intefere with his impending invasion (and genocide) on East Timor.
He (Ford) also flew to Spain and met with Generalisimo Franco...whatta guy!
It is curious what time does to history, isn't it? How many are paying attention?
R
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Howard Zinn
By Tbarnich, Tb at Dec 29, 2006 11:08 AM
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Instability
By Kissenger, Clark at Dec 29, 2006 07:18 AM
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